Short answer
An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac on an ovary. Most are harmless, cause no symptoms and disappear within a few months. A repeat ultrasound usually confirms this. Surgery is advised if a cyst is large, causing symptoms or looks suspicious. Sudden severe pain in the lower tummy, especially with vomiting, needs emergency care.
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- Dhruva Hospitals, Kadapa
Types of cyst
- Functional cysts form as part of the normal menstrual cycle. They are the most common type and usually go away on their own.
- Other cysts, such as dermoid cysts or endometriomas (linked to endometriosis), are less common and may need treatment.
- Most cysts are non-cancerous. Cancerous cysts are more likely after menopause.
Symptoms
- Pelvic pain, from a dull ache to sudden, sharp pain
- Pain during sex
- Bloating, a swollen tummy, or feeling full after eating a little
- Passing urine often, or difficulty opening the bowels
- Changes in periods
Emergency signs
Sudden, severe pain low in the tummy, especially with nausea or vomiting, can mean a cyst has burst or twisted the ovary (torsion). This needs urgent treatment to save the ovary. Call +91 90368 52311 or come straight to the hospital.
Tests
A pelvic ultrasound, often an internal (transvaginal) scan, shows the size and type of cyst. If there is any concern, blood tests such as CA-125 may be done. A raised CA-125 does not always mean cancer: periods, endometriosis, fibroids and infection can also raise it.
Treatment
Many cysts only need a repeat scan after a few weeks or months. Surgery is advised if a cyst is large, causing symptoms or looks suspicious. In younger women the surgeon usually removes only the cyst and keeps the ovary (cystectomy), often by keyhole (laparoscopic) surgery, to protect fertility.
At Dhruva Hospitals
Our gynaecologists perform laparoscopic cystectomy while preserving healthy ovarian tissue, and ultrasound is available in the hospital. Call +91 99599 59694 or WhatsApp us to book with our gynaecology team. OPD hours are 9:00 AM – 8:00 PM.
Common questions
Will an ovarian cyst stop me from getting pregnant?
Usually not. Most cysts do not affect fertility, although some, such as endometriomas, can make it harder to conceive. If surgery is needed, the surgeon aims to protect your fertility.
Is a cyst the same as PCOS?
No. PCOS is a hormone condition, and the small follicles seen on the ovaries are not true cysts. A single ovarian cyst is a different thing.
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Sources
This article is general information, not a diagnosis or treatment plan. In an emergency, call +91 90368 52311.